Stephen Halt resolveu escrever sobre os cinco principais conhecimentos em relações internacionais que deve-se saber, dizendo que se você conseguir lembrar deste cinco pontos você pode-se considerar graduado em relações internacionais.
Ele lembra de um quadro do programa Saturday Night Live em que o "padre Guido Sarducci" (foto acima) dizia que ensinaria em 5 minutos tudo que você lembraria de uma ciência depois de 5 anos formado.
Economia seria reduzida a oferta e demanda e Teologia a "Deus ama você".
Eu diria, como economista e leitor voraz de teologia, que os 5 minutos de economia podem até reduzir economia (apesar de que hoje eu acho que a ideia de egoísmo é bem mais importante que as leis de oferta e demanda), mas o "Deus ama você" não reduz teologia, pois deve-se saber que deus é esse, e quem é esse você. Se fosse 'Deus ama quem crê nele", talvez reduzisse melhor. Pois por exemplo, Alá não ama os infiéis (o Deus cristão, ama).
Eu tenho doutorado em Relações Internacionais, de forma geral, concordo sim com o que diz Halt, especialmente com o item 4.
Aqui vão as 5 coisas mais importantes que você deve lembrar para Relações Internacionais, segundo Halt (leia o texto completo clicando no link).
No. 1: Anarchy
You don't have to be a realist to recognize that what makes international politics different from domestic politics is that it takes place in the absence of central authority.
No. 2: The Balance of Power (or for extra credit, the balance of threats)
Given anarchy (see above), states worry about who is stronger, who is catching up or falling behind, and what steps can each take to avoid permanent inferiority. The balance of power tells you a lot about how states identify potential allies, and whether war is becoming more or less likely.
No. 3: Comparative Advantage (a.k.a. "gains from trade")
If you never took a course in international economics, then you need to grasp the basic notion of comparative advantage, which underlies the entire liberal theory of free trade. The idea is simple: states will be better off if they all specialize in producing items in which they have some relative advantage, and then exchange these goods with the good produced by others whose relative advantage lies in producing something else.
No. 4: Misperception and Miscalculation
A wise friend of mine likes to say that most of international politics can be summed up in three words: fear, greed, and stupidity.We've already covered the first two (anarchy and the balance of power are about fear, and free trade is about the benevolent effects of greed). But the third one -- stupidity -- is equally important: you can't really understand international politics and foreign policy without recognizing that national leaders (and sometimes whole countries) frequently misunderstand each other and often do remarkably stupid things.
No. 5: Social Construction
I'm not a constructivist, but even I acknowledge that the interactions of states and other human institutions are often shaped by changing norms and identities, and that these norms and identities are themselves are neither divinely ordained nor fixed. On the contrary, they are themselves the product of human interaction: what we do on a daily basis but also how we talk or write and how our ideas and beliefs evolve over time.
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